Olavide y el Urbanismo

Tomo I ; págs. 109-134. Imágenes

UMA ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA INDUSTRIAL DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NO BRASIL: 1974-2002

This work aims to quantify the relations between the electricity demand and its main determinants in the Industrial sector of Brazil, in the period between 1974 and 2002. After identifying that the studied series were nonstationary, the use of the Cointegration Approach and an Error-Correction Mechanism was opted . The results obtained have turned out as according to the expected. The industrial electricity demand is price inelastic in both short and long run. The results still pointed out that such demand is inelastic to income in the short run, but elastic in the long run. The parameter estimated for a substitute factor to the energy was not significant, indicating that there is no close substitute for electricity in the Industrial sector. This fact evidenced the necessity of a program of reorganization and expansion for the Brazilian Electrical system as condition for the maintenance and the growth of the industrial activity in the country.electricity demand, Cointegration, Error Correction Mechanism., Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Body education and school hygiene in Rio de Janeiro press (1930 - 1939)

In the 1930s in Rio de Janeiro, there was an effective presence of intellectuals in government positions, which could ensure the implementation of a number of strategies aimed at the construction of a wider reform of a society guided by modernity, which lay in the reform of habits, such as hygiene and body education. Rio de Janeiro was the administrative center of the republic, so there was a need for coordinating government policy on education and health, especially in that city. This study has aimed to evaluate the influence and impact of hygienist strategies on the daily life of schools. Its sources were mainly O Paiz and Jornal do Brazil newspapers in the 1930s. The document corpus consisted of 37 newspaper articles, of which 21 were analyzed in this research, because they involved the following specific categories: school medicine, school hygiene and health education. The hypothesis pointed to the limited influence of intellectuals, with a gap between what was thought and what was executed. However, findings allow us to consider approaching the educational discourses and practices influenced by the actual participation of intellectuals such as Fernando de Azevedo and Anísio Teixeira in the organization of education in Rio de Janeiro, particularly in the early 1930s.No Rio de Janeiro, na década de 1930, uma presença mais efetiva de intelectuais em cargos governamentais poderia garantir a efetivação de uma série de estratégias que visava à construção de uma reforma mais ampla da sociedade pautada pela modernidade, que residia também nas reformas de hábitos, como a higiene e a educação do corpo. Sendo o Rio de Janeiro, o centro administrativo da República, haveria a necessidade de articulação entre as políticas governamentais no âmbito da educação e saúde sobretudo naquela cidade. Na análise desse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência e o impacto de estratégias higienistas sobre o cotidiano das escolas. O estudo teve como fontes, principalmente, os jornais O Paiz e o Jornal do Brasil no período de 1930 a 1939. O corpo documental foi composto por 37 artigos de jornal, sendo que 21 foram analisados nesta pesquisa, pois envolviam as categorias específicas medicina escolar , higiene escolar e educação higiênica . A hipótese versava sobre uma influência limitada dos intelectuais, havendo uma distância entre o que era pensado e o que era executado. Contudo, os resultados obtidos permitem considerar uma aproximação entre os discursos e as práticas pedagógicas influenciada pela participação efetiva de intelectuais como Fernando de Azevedo e Anísio Teixeira, por exemplo, na organização da educação no Rio de Janeiro, sobretudo no início da década de 1930.42241142

Editorial: Novel Actuators, Sensors and Control Systems for Endoscopic Robots

Editorial on the Research Topic. Novel Actuators, Sensors and Control Systems for Endoscopic Robots

Demanda residencial de energia elétrica em Minas Gerais: 1970-2002

The objective of this study was to obtain an estimate for residential electricity demand in Minas Gerais in the period from 1970 to 2002. Specifically, the goal was to estimate price and income elasticities. After determining that the series under study were non-stationary, we chose to use the Co-integration approach, estimating a Vector Error Correction Model (VEC Model). The results obtained show that the demand studied is more sensible to variations in the income than to the price of the electricity, although both elasticities are inferior to the unit. It was also concluded that price-elasticity is higher in Minas Gerais than it is for Brazil as a whole, suggesting differentiated usage of this energy among the different states in the Country

Assistência farmacêutica na atenção básica e Programa Farmácia Popular: a visão de gestores de esferas subnacionais do Sistema Único de Saúde

O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a percepção de gestores públicos da assistência farmacêutica em esferas subnacionais e de gerentes técnicos de instâncias colegiadas do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre os reflexos do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil (PFPB), iniciativa exclusivamente federal, na gestão da assistência farmacêutica na atenção básica (Afab), de responsabilidade tripartite e operacionalizada pelos municípios. Entrevistaram-se gestores municipais, estaduais e gerentes técnicos do Conselho Nacional de Secretarias Municipais de Saúde e do Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde. A análise do conteúdo considerou as categorias (1) desafios e avanços da Afab e do PFPB e (2) conexões entre a Afab e o PFPB. Houve visões divergentes sobre as relações entre Afab e PFPB, se concorrentes ou complementares. Ressaltou-se o contraste entre os crescentes investimentos no PFPB e sua estagnação na Afab, a sobreposição dos elencos, a migração de usuários e o papel do PFPB como alternativa de acesso, entre outros. A implementação centralizada do PFPB parece ter se dado com baixa articulação com as esferas subnacionais de gestão, gerando distintas e contraditórias interpretações sobre seu papel e objetivos para os municípios, considerando-se as diretrizes de descentralização da assistência farmacêutica.This study aimed to identify the perception of public administrators from pharmaceutical services in subnational spheres, and of technical administrators from collegiate instances of the Brazilian National Health System on the impacts of the Farmácia Popular do Brasil Program (PFPB – Brazilian Popular Pharmacy Program), an exclusively federal initiative, in the administration of pharmaceutical services in primary health care (AFAB), of the responsibility of the three government levels and operationalized by the municipalities. Municipal, state and technical administrators from the National Council of Municipal Health Secretaries and from the National Council of Health Secretaries were interviewed. Content analysis considered the categories: (1) challenges and advances of AFAB and PFPB and (2) connections between AFAB and PFPB. There were different visions on the relations between them, either competing or complementing. The contrast between the growing investments in the PFPB and their stagnation in the AFAB, the overlapping of lists of medications, patient migration and the role of the PFPB as an access alternative, among others, were highlighted. The centralized implementation of the PFPB seems to have happened with poor articulation with subnational spheres of management, generating distinct and conflicting interpretations about the program’s role and objectives for the municipalities, considering the decentralization guidelines of pharmaceutical services

Behavioral and cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine alone and in combination with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol in conscious sheep

Objective: To compare cardiopulmonary and sedative effects following administration of dexmedetomidine alone or with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol in healthy sheep. Study design: Randomized crossover study. Animals: Six Santa Inês sheep, five females, one male, aged 12–28 months and weighing 40.1 ± 6.2 kg. Methods: Sheep were assigned treatments of dexmedetomidine (0.005 mg kg−1; D); D and butorphanol (0.15 mg kg−1; DB); D and methadone (0.5 mg kg−1; DM); D and morphine (0.5 mg kg−1; DMO); or D and tramadol (5.0 mg kg−1; DT). All drugs were administered intravenously with at least 7 days between each treatment. Rectal temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), invasive arterial pressure, blood gases and electrolytes were measured prior to administration of drugs (baseline, T0) and every 15 minutes following drug administration for 120 minutes (T15–T120). Sedation was scored by three observers blinded to treatment. Results: HR decreased in all treatments and fR decreased in DM at T30 and DMO at T30 and T45. PaCO2 was increased in D, DB and DM compared with baseline, and PaO2 decreased in D at T15 and T45; in DB at T15 to T75; in DM at T15 to T60; in DMO at T15; and in DT at T15, T30 and T75. There was a decrease in temperature in D, DB and DM. An increased pH was measured in D at all time points and in DT at T30–T120. inline image and base excess were increased in all treatments compared with baseline. There were no statistical differences in sedation scores. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The combination of dexmedetomidine with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol resulted in similar changes in cardiopulmonary function and did not improve sedation when compared with dexmedetomidine alone